UPSC Optional Subjects List is important part of UPSC mains exam. Every candidate who have cleared prelims and wants to appear for mains exam must choose optional subject as it influences the candidate’s overall score and ranking. UPSC optional subjects needs to be selected for paper 6 and paper 7 and both papers carries 250 marks each.
This article provides a detailed overview of the UPSC optional subjects list, factors to consider when choosing an optional, and answers to frequently asked questions to assist aspirants in making informed decisions.
Understanding the Role of Optional Subjects in UPSC Exam
In the UPSC Mains examination, candidates are required to select one optional subject, which comprises two papers, each carrying 250 marks, totaling 500 marks. This constitutes a substantial portion of the Mains examination, making the choice of optional subject a strategic decision in the overall preparation and performance.
Also Read – UPSC Syllabus 2025
List of UPSC Optional Subjects
UPSC offers a diverse range of optional subjects, allowing candidates to choose based on their academic background, interests, and career goals. The UPSC optional subjects list includes:
- Agriculture
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science
- Anthropology
- Botany
- Chemistry
- Civil Engineering
- Commerce and Accountancy
- Economics
- Electrical Engineering
- Geography
- Geology
- History
- Law
- Management
- Mathematics
- Mechanical Engineering
- Medical Science
- Philosophy
- Physics
- Political Science and International Relations
- Psychology
- Public Administration
- Sociology
- Statistics
- Zoology
- Literature of any one of the following languages:
- Assamese
- Bengali
- Bodo
- Dogri
- Gujarati
- Hindi
- Kannada
- Kashmiri
- Konkani
- Maithili
- Malayalam
- Manipuri
- Marathi
- Nepali
- Odia
- Punjabi
- Sanskrit
- Santhali
- Sindhi
- Tamil
- Telugu
- Urdu
Factors to Consider When Choosing UPSC Optional Subject
Selecting the right optional subject is pivotal for success in the UPSC Mains examination. Consider the following factors:
1. Academic Background and Interest
Choosing a subject aligned with your academic background can provide a foundational advantage. However, genuine interest and passion for the subject are equally important to sustain motivation during preparation.
2. Overlap with General Studies Syllabus
Some optional subjects have significant overlap with the General Studies papers, which can streamline preparation. For instance, subjects like History, Geography, Political Science, and Public Administration cover substantial portions of the GS syllabus.
3. Availability of Study Material and Resources
Ensure that sufficient study materials, standard textbooks, and guidance (such as coaching or mentorship) are readily available for the chosen subject.
4. Scoring Potential and Success Rate
Analyze the scoring trends and success rates of optional subjects from previous years. Subjects like Anthropology, Sociology, and Public Administration have been popular due to their scoring potential.
5. Length and Complexity of the Syllabus
Evaluate the syllabus’s length and complexity. Some subjects have concise and straightforward syllabi, while others may be extensive and demanding.
Popular UPSC Optional Subjects Among Aspirants
Based on recent trends, the following optional subjects have gained popularity due to their scoring potential, overlap with GS papers, and availability of resources:
1. Sociology
Sociology is favored for its concise syllabus and relevance to social issues covered in GS papers. It is considered scoring and manageable within a limited timeframe.
2. Public Administration
Public Administration has a significant overlap with GS Paper II and is popular among aspirants from diverse academic backgrounds due to its straightforward concepts and applicability.
3. Geography
Geography offers scientific concepts and overlaps with GS Paper I. It is preferred by candidates with a science background and those interested in environmental and ecological studies.
4. Anthropology
Anthropology is chosen for its scoring nature and relatively short syllabus. It is considered a safe option for candidates from both science and humanities backgrounds.
5. Political Science and International Relations (PSIR)
PSIR overlaps with GS Paper II and the essay paper. It is popular among aspirants interested in politics, governance, and international affairs.
Strategies for Effective Preparation of Optional Subjects
1. In-Depth Understanding of the Syllabus
Thoroughly analyze the syllabus to understand the topics and subtopics. This helps in creating a structured study plan and ensures comprehensive coverage.
2. Selection of Standard Reference Materials
Choose standard textbooks and reference materials recommended by experts and toppers. Quality resources are crucial for building conceptual clarity.
3. Consistent Practice of Answer Writing
Regular answer writing practice is essential to articulate your knowledge effectively. Focus on clarity, coherence, and adherence to word limits.
4. Analysis of Previous Years’ Question Papers
Reviewing past question papers helps identify recurring themes and important topics. It also familiarizes candidates with the exam pattern and the nature of questions asked, enabling better preparation.
5. Regular Revision
Revision is critical to retain concepts and improve recall during the exam. Allocate dedicated time for periodic revision of completed topics.
6. Mock Tests and Evaluation
Participating in mock tests aids in time management and enhances answer presentation skills. Regular evaluation provides insights into areas of improvement.
Also Read – How to Prepare for UPSC Civil Services
Common Mistakes to Avoid While Choosing Optional Subjects
1. Following the Trend Blindly
Selecting an optional subject solely based on its popularity or success rate can backfire if it doesn’t align with your interests or strengths.
2. Ignoring the Syllabus
Many aspirants overlook the detailed syllabus before choosing an optional subject. Always analyze the syllabus thoroughly to ensure manageability.
3. Overestimating Overlap with General Studies
While overlap is beneficial, it shouldn’t be the sole criterion for choosing an optional. Evaluate your comfort level and interest in the subject matter.
4. Underestimating Answer Writing Practice
Even if a subject has a high success rate, neglecting answer writing practice can lead to poor performance. Focus on honing your presentation skills.
FAQs About UPSC Optional Subjects
1. Which optional subject has the highest success rate?
Subjects like Anthropology, Sociology, and Public Administration are often highlighted for their relatively high success rates. However, the success rate largely depends on the candidate’s preparation and performance.
2. Can I choose an optional subject different from my academic background?
Yes, many aspirants opt for subjects unrelated to their academic background. Interest, availability of resources, and scoring potential are more critical factors.
3. Is it necessary to attend coaching for optional subjects?
Coaching is not mandatory but can be helpful for subjects with complex concepts or where self-study resources are limited. Many candidates clear the exam with self-preparation and disciplined study plans.
4. How do I choose between two equally appealing optional subjects?
Compare the syllabus length, scoring trends, and availability of resources. Additionally, attempt sample questions to assess your comfort level with the subject matter.
5. Can I change my optional subject after submitting the application form?
No, once the application form is submitted, the optional subject choice cannot be altered. Ensure thorough research before finalizing your decision.
6. Are language literature subjects scoring?
Yes, literature subjects can be highly scoring for candidates with strong command and interest in the language. They require a deep understanding of the texts and analytical skills.
7. What are the most time-intensive optional subjects?
Subjects like History, Geography, and Political Science have extensive syllabi, requiring substantial time for preparation. Choose them only if you can dedicate consistent effort.
